@Article{LefèvreUrbaGallDive:2014:ImPhPr,
               author = "Lef{\`e}vre, Nathalie and Urbano, Domingos Fernandes and Gallois, 
                         Francis and Diverr{\`e}s, Denis",
          affiliation = "{Universit{\'e} Pierre et Marie Curie} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Institut de Recherche Pour le 
                         Developpement Noum{\'e}a} and US IMAGO, Centre IRD de Bretagne",
                title = "Impact of physical processes on the seasonal distribution of the 
                         fugacity of CO2 in the western tropical Atlantic",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "119",
               number = "2",
                pages = "646--663",
             keywords = "fCO2, Intertropical convergence zone, North equatorial 
                         countercurrent, North Equatorial Current, Seasonal distributions, 
                         South equatorial currents, Tropical atlantic, Western tropical 
                         atlantic, Oceanography, Tropics, Carbon dioxide, air-sea 
                         interaction, carbon dioxide, intertropical convergence zone, 
                         Northern Hemisphere, oceanic circulation, precipitation 
                         (climatology), saturation, sea surface temperature, seasonal 
                         variation, upwelling, Atlantic Ocean.",
             abstract = "The fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) has been measured underway during three 
                         quasi-synoptic cruises in the western tropical Atlantic in 
                         March/April 2009 and July/August 2010 in the region 6°S-15°N, 
                         52°W-24°W. The distribution of fCO2 is related to the main 
                         features of the ocean circulation. Temperature exerts a dominant 
                         control on the distribution of fCO2 in March/April whereas 
                         salinity plays an important role in July/August due to the more 
                         developed North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) carrying Amazon 
                         water and to the high precipitation associated with the presence 
                         of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The main surface 
                         currents are characterized by different fCO2. Overall, the NECC 
                         carries less saline waters with lower fCO2 compared to the South 
                         Equatorial Current (SEC). The North Equatorial Current (NEC) is 
                         usually characterized by CO2 undersaturation in winter and 
                         supersaturation in summer. Using empirical fCO2-SST-SSS 
                         relationships, two seasonal maps of fCO2 are constructed for March 
                         2009 and July 2010. The region is a sink of CO2 of 0.40 mmol 
                         m-2d-1 in March, explained by the winter cooling in the northern 
                         hemisphere, whereas it is a source of CO2 of 1.32 mmol m-2d-1 in 
                         July. The equatorial region is a source of CO2 throughout the year 
                         due to the upwelling supplying CO2-rich waters to the surface. 
                         However, the evolution of fCO2 over time, determined from all the 
                         available cruises in a small area, 1°S-1°N, 32°W-28°W, suggests 
                         that the source of CO2 has decreased in February-March from 1983 
                         to 2011 or has remained constant in October-November from 1991 to 
                         2010.",
                  doi = "10.1002/2013JC009248",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009248",
                 issn = "2169-9291 and 2169-9275",
                label = "scopus 2014-05 Lef{\`e}vreUrbaGallDive:2014:ImPhPr",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}